Dmitry Sautin : making a splash

June 30th,2010    by Vachel

While the 2004 Games will probably be the last Olympic appearance for Russian diver Dmitry Sautin, regard-less of his results it will be the end of a wonderful career that has lasted more than a decade.

Sautin is already a double Olympic gold medallist, and since the early 1990s has won a full swag3 of world ti-tles in both individual and synchro-nised diving from both the 3m spring-board and 10m platform.

A member of an army diving club, he is coached by his wife Tatiana Star-odoubtseva and is now recognised as one of the icons of his sport in the mould4 of Klaus Dibiasi or Greg Louganis.

A native of Voronezh5 , Sautin took part in his first Olympiad6 at the age of 18 in 1992 at Barcelona, where he surprisingly took the bronze medal in his fa-voured event, the 3m springboard.

It was an incredible7 comeback8 even at his young age following a horrific experience when he was stabbed several times during a street fight in his hometown and spent considerable9 time in hospital.

One year later he landed his first major title, winning the 10m platform Euro-pean championship, and became a regular on the podium at nearly all future competitions10.

Sautin arrived at the 1996 Games in Atlanta as solid favourite for gold and in a strange twist, finished only fifth in the 3m discipline before winning his first O-lympic title in the 10m platform.

Four years later in Sydney he had his finest major competition, returning from Australia with synchronized platform gold, the silver in the 10m synchronized event, and two more bronze medals.

His high standards continued at the 2001 World Championships in Fukuoka, when he won the 3m title following a bronze in the 3m synchronised.

He returned to Barcelona, the scene of his first Olympic exploit, in 2003 , for another crack" at the World Championships.

Diving with long-time partner Alexander Dobroskok, the duo got their hands on world gold but Sautin completely messed up12 in the individual event.

He was well in front following a fourth dive that gained perfect marks of 10 from all judges, but botched his entry on his sixth and final dive, allowing Dobroskok to snatch the gold13 .

Sautin will not want to make the same errors as he prepares for his fourth and probably final Olympiad at Athens.

Guo Jingjing : Olympic title to complete the puzzle

June 29th,2010    by Vachel

s-LOTTERY-large300China's Guo Jingjing has won nearly every honour available in the world of diving except the Olympic title-but she can complete her trophy2 cabinet3 with this one missing prize in Athens.

Double world champion in the 3m springboard, she may claim4 an Olympic double if the competition goes to form and she wins the 3m synchronised5 event, a discipline she has dominated along with Wu Minxia6since 2001 .

Born in the province of Hebei , south of Beijing, Guo won diving competitions at every level as a youngster, earning a selection to the China team that went to the 1996 Atlanta Games, where she finished fifth in the 10m platform at the tender age ol '\5.

Her celebrated compatriot7 Fu Mingxia8won the gold in that competition but the two girls teamed up9 four years later in Sydney to take the silver medal in the 3m synchronised competition just behind Russia's Vera Nina and Julia Pa-khalina10.

Ironically her partner deprived Guo Jingjing of an individual title in Australia as the two girls finished one-two in the 3m event, forcing the younger Guo to settle for a pair of silver medals" .

The year of 2000 however was not without glory, as Guo won the prestigious12 Grand Prix final for the second year running.

Her path to more titles then opened up invitingly as Fu retired to start a family, leaving Guo to pull off3a World Championship double in 2001 in Fukuo-ka, winning titles in the 3m individual and synchronised events.

In fact the Chinese girl was not at her best in Japan, benefiting from the poor form of her opponents, in particular Irina Lashko of Australia and Russian pair Pakhalina and Illina, who had problems with their dives.

By contrast Guo Jingjing and Wu, who crushed Pakhalina and Ilina in an event that was a first at such a level for Wu Minxia, dominated the synchro-nised event14.

Guo Jingjing is now the leader of the talented China diving team, as proven by her wins in the Grand Prix final in both 2002 and 2003.

She retained her world titles in 2003 at Barcelona but in the individual event had to produce a classy15 last dive to edge Pakhalina.

However as an appetiser for the Games in 2004, the Russian girl achieved a form of revenge at the World Cup in the Olympic pool in Athens just months ahead of the Olympics1'.

Guo Jingjing settled for the 3m synchronised title (with Wu Minxia) setting the stage for the battle for Olympic gold later in the year.

Increasingly, child developmentalists recognize that considerable caution must be taken to ensure the well-being of children when they are involved in a research study

June 28th,2010    by Vachel

Today col¬leges and universities have review boards that evaluate the ethical nature of research conduct¬ed at their institutions. Proposed research plans must pass the scrutiny of an ethics research committee before the research can be initiated. In addition, the American Psychological As¬sociation (APA) has developed guidelines for its members' ethics.

The code of ethics adopted by the APA instructs researchers to protect their subjects from mental and physical harm. The best interests of the subjects must be kept foremost in the researcher's mind. All subjects, if they are old enough, must give their informed consent to participate in a research study. This requires that subjects know what their participation will entail and any risks that might develop. For example, subjects in an investigation of the effects of divorce on children should be told beforehand that interview questions might stimu¬late thought about issues they might not anticipate.

In the past 20 years scientists have learned a great deal about sleep and dreams

June 25th,2010    by Vachel

They've discovered, for example, sleep and dream affect the way people feel. A good night's sleep gen-erally makes the person happier in the morning. Dreams also have a strong effect on the moods of people. However, who appears in the dream is more important than what happens. Every per¬son has a special dream character. If this special character appears in dreams, people will be happier after sleep. When a person wakes up happy, the moods will affect his performance throughout the day. The level of one' s moods rises and falls during the day. The less sleepy people are, the better they perform and usually they are more friendly, more aggressive and more clear thinking.

Some day scientists hope to be able to control sleep in order to control the way people feel and perform.

Chattered through the seas of the world are billions of tons of small plants and animals called plankton

June 24th,2010    by Vachel

Most of these plants and animals are too small for the human eye to see. Phey drift about lazily with the currents, providing a basic food for many large animals.

Plankton has been described as the equivalent of the grasses that grow on the dry land ontiiients, and the comparison is an appropriate one. In potential food value, however, ilankton far outweighs that of the land grasses. One scientist has estimated that while grasses f the world produce about 49 billion tons of valuable carbohydrates each year, the sea' s lankton generates more than twice as much. Despite its enormous food potential, little effort 'as made until recently to farm plankton on land. Now, marine scientists have at last begun ) study this possibility, especially as the sea' s resources loom even more important as a leans of feeding an expanding world population. No one yet has seriously suggested that plankton-burgers" may soon become popular around the world. As a possible farmed supple-lentary food source, however, plankton is gaining considerable interest among marine scien-sts. One type of plankton that seems to have great harvest possibilities is a tiny shrimp-like reature called krill. Growing to two or three inches long, krill provide the major food for the ant blue whale, the largest animal ever to inhabit the earth. Realizing that this whale may •ow to 100 feet and weigh 150 tons at maturity, it is not surprising that each one devours ore than one ton of krill daily. Krill swim about just below the surface in huge schools some-Ties miles wide, mainly in the cold Antarctic. Because of their pink color, they often appear i a solid reddish mass when viewed from a ship or from the air. Krill are very high in food ilue. A pound of these crustaceans contains about 460 calories—about the same as shrimp or bster, to which they are related. If the krill can feed such huge creatures as whales, many ientists reason, they must certainly be contenders as a new food source for humans.

The Fall of Samaria

June 23rd,2010    by Vachel

Then the king of Assyria invaded all the land and came to Samaria?for three years he besieged it. In the ninth year of Hoshea the king of Assyria captured Samaria; he carried the Israelites away to Assyria. He placed them in Ha-lah,on the Habor,the river of Gozan,and in the cities of the Medes.

7 This occurred because the people of Israel had sinned against the LORD their God,who had brought them up out of the land of Egypt from under the hand of Pharaoh king of Egypt. They had worshiped other gods 8 and walked in the customs of the nations whom the LORD drove out before the people of Israel, and in the customs that the kings of Israel had introduced. 9 The people of Israel secretly did things that were not right against the LORD their God. They built for them-selves high places at all their towns,from watchtower to fortified city they set up for themselves pillars and sacred poles on every high hill and under every green tree (11 there they made offerings on all the high places,as the nations did whom the LORD carried away before them. They did wicked things, provoking the LORD to anger;-"18 Therefore the LORD was very angry with Israel and removed them out of his sight; none was left but the tribe of Judah alone.

19 Judah also did not keep the commandments of the LORD their God but walked in the customs that Israel had introduced. 20 The LORD rejected all the descendants of Israel; he punished them and gave them into the hand of plunderers, until he had banished them from his presence.

21 When he had torn Israel from the house of David,they made Jeroboam son of Nebat king. Jeroboam drove Israel from following the LORD and made them commit great sin. 22 The people of Israel continued in all the sins that Jeroboam commit-ted; they did not depart from them 23 until the LORD removed Israel out of his sight,as he had foretold through all his servants the prophets. So Israel was exiled from their own land to Assyria until this day.

Breakfast Like A King

June 22nd,2010    by Vachel

Q. Dear Dr. Lee,

I've read that a person should eat a large breakfast.

Is this true, and if so, why?

- Antonia, Toronto, Canada

A. Dear Antonia,

There is a saying: Breakfast like a king, lunch like a prince, and dine1 like a pauper.2 This means that breakfast should be the largest meal of your day. In many countries, the biggest meal of the day is dinner. So why does this saying advise us to eat a large breakfast instead?

The answer is in the word breakfast itself, which means the 'breaking' of i 'fast,' or a long period without eating. The gap between dinner and breakfast can be up to twelve hours, so the meal that breaks your fast should be healthy and wholesome. Also, unlike your evening meal, the food you consume for breakfast will give you energy to use while you are active during the day. There is evidence that eating a big breakfast, reticular one containing whole grains3 and fruit, can improve your icentration and mood, and boost your energy levels. chough health experts4 stress the importance of eating a good breakfast d having one's main meal earlier in the day, not many people are anging their daily eating habits. In the U.S., for example, about two-rds of the population still has its main meal in the evening. Many of the :>st popular types of American food, such as stea.k and potatoes, are full fat and carbohydrates,5 which make them slow'to digest, and fattening.

Mexico, the most important meal for many families is usually eaten at 30 P.M. The comida,6 a seven-course meal, normally includes an ipetizer,7 soup, pasta, fish, meat with a salad, dessert, and finally tea or ffee. In Switzerland, the main meal is also eaten in the middle of the iy, and usually contains a lot of fresh vegetables and fruits; the Swiss nerally eat meat only two or three times a week.

[any nutritionists suggest that people eat small, low-fat meals five or six nes a day. Most agree, however, that good nutrition and what you eat is ore important than when you eat it. Keeping to a balanced diet of itritious, low-calorie8 foods like vegetables, whole grains, fish, and fresh uit is the best way to enjoy a healthy life. Eat healthy, and stay healthy— lat's my advice to you.

The fridge is considered a necessity

June 21st,2010    by Vachel

It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food first appeared with the label; "store in the refrigerator. "

In my fridgeless Fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthy. The milkman came daily, the grocer, the butcher , the baker, and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times a week. The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted, and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on, food deliveries have ceased, fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country.

The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation. A vast way of well-tried techniques already existed—natural cooling, drying, smoking, salting, sugaring, bottling. . .

What refrigeration did promote was marketing—marketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in search of a good price.

Consequently, most of the world's fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary. Every winter, millions of fridges hum away continuously, and at vast expense, busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially-heated house-while outside, nature provides the desired temperature free of charge.'

The fridge's effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant. If you don't believe me, try it yourself, invest in a food cabinet and turn off your fridge next winter. You may miss the hamburgers , but at least you'll get rid of that terrible hum.

We can see how the product life cycle works by looking at the introduction of instant coffee

June 19th,2010    by Vachel

When it was introduced, most people did not like it as well as "regular" coffee, and it took several years to gain general acceptance ( introduction stage). At one point, though, instant coffee grew rapidly in popularity, and many brands were introduced ( stage of rapid growth). After a while, people became attached to one brand and sales leveled off ( stage of maturity). Sales went into a slight decline when freeze-dried coffees were introduced ( stage of decline ).

The importance of the product life cycle to marketers is this; Different stages in the product life cycle call for different strategies. The goal is to extend product life so that sales and profits do not decline. One strategy is called market modification. It means that marketing managers look for new users and market sections. Did you know, for example, that the backpacks that so many students carry today were originally designed for the military?

Market modification also means searching for increased usage among present customers or going for a different market, such as senior citizens. A marketer may re-position the product to appeal to new market sections.

Another product extension strategy is called product modification. It involves changing product quality, features, or style to attract new users or more usage from present users. American auto manufacturers are using quality improvement as one way to recapture world markets. Note, also, how auto manufacturers once changed styles dramatically from year to year to keep demand from falling.

Alfred Wegener

June 18th,2010    by Vachel

Although Alfred Wegener was not the first scientist to propose the idea that the cantilenas have moved, his 1912 outline of the hypothesis was the first detailed description of :he concept and the first to offer a respectable mass of supporting evidence for it. It is appropriate, then, that the theory of continental drift was most widely known as "Wegener's lypothesis" during the more than fifty years of debate that preceded its ultimate acceptance >y most earth scientists.

In brief, Wegener's hypothesis stated that, in the late Paleozoic era, all of the present-day continents were part of a single giant land mass* Pangaea, that occupied almost half of the earth's surface. About 40 million years ago, Pangaea began to break into fragments that slowly moved apart, ultimately forming the various continents we know today.

Wegener supported his argument with data drawn from geology, paleontology, zoology, climatology, and other fields. So impressive was his body of evidence that his hypothesis could not be ignored. However, until then 1960s, most scientists were reluctant to accept Wegener's ideas. There are several reasons why this was so.

First, although Wegener showed that continental movement was consistent with much of the geological and other evidence—for example, the apparent family relationships among forms of plants and animals now separated by vast expanses of ocean, once geographically united on the hypothetical Pangaea—he failed to suggest any causal mechanism for continental drift sufficiently powerful and plausible to be convincing.

Second, while the period during which Wegener's theory was proposed and debated saw rapid developments in many branches of geology and an explosion of new knowledge a-bout the nature of the earth and the forces at work in its formation, little of this evidence seemed to support Wegener. For example, data drawn from the new science of seismology, including experimental studies of the behavior of rocks under high pressure, suggested that the earth has far too much internal strength and rigidity to allow continents to "drift" across its surface. Measurements of the earth's gravitational field made by some of the early scientific satellites offered further evidence in support of this view as late as the early 1960s.

Third, and perhaps most significant, Wegener's theory seemed to challenge one of the most deeply-held philosophical bases of geology—the doctrine of uniformitarianism, which states that earth history must always be explained by the operation of essentially unchanging, continuous forces. Belief in the intervention of unexplained, sporadic, and massive shaping events—known as catastrophism—was considered beyond the scope by mainstream geologists.

Wegener was not, strictly speaking, a catastrophist—he did not suggest that some massive cataclysm had caused the breakup of Pangaea—but his theory did imply a dramatic change in the face of the earth occurring relatively late in geologic history. Such a belief was unacceptable to most geologists throughout the first half of this century.